Seguimiento evolutivo de las artroplastias de cadera en pacientes con espondiloartritis anquilosante / Follow-up of the outcome of hip arthroplasty in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Introducción. Las manifestaciones articulares en los pacientes afectos de espondilitis anquilopoyética son relativamente frecuentes, llegando hasta el 50 por ciento en algunos casos. Material y método. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de 26 pacientes afectos de espondilitis anquilopoyética a los que se les implantó una prótesis de cadera (bilateral en 7 casos). Se ha valorado el intervalo entre el diagnóstico de la enfermedad y la implantación de la prótesis, la movilidad pre y post-operatoria, el tipo de prótesis, las complicaciones, la presencia de aflojamiento y de osificaciones heterotópicas. Resultados. Todos los pacientes mostraron mejoría clínica y de la movilidad. Hubo dos casos de complicación (una amiloidosis y una infección de la prótesis que requirió su retirada), en ninguno de los pacientes se observaron osificaciones heterotópicas con repercusión clínica. Conclusiones. A pesar de la temprana edad de implantación (40 años), el resultado de los 10 años de seguimiento es satisfactorio, con un índice de aflojamiento aséptico similar al de otras series en este tipo de pacientes. El tratamiento de las osificaciones heterotópicas tanto con fármacos como con radioterapia está indicado en los pacientes de riesgo, debiendo evitarse en el resto dado el alto coste de los mismos y su tasa de efectos secundarios (AU)

Artroplastia de cadera con vástago femoral recubierto de biovidrio / Hip arthroplasty with a bioactive glass-coated femoral stem

Objetivo. Evaluar el resultado del vástago femoral CRM recubierto de biovidrio (Seipi-Bioimplant, Italia) después de 8 años de seguimiento. Material y método. Se han revisado de forma retrospectiva 67 pacientes a los que se había implantado 70 prótesis totales de cadera con un vástago femoral no cementado y recubierto de biovidrio durante los años 1994 y 1995 con un seguimiento de 8 años. El análisis de supervivencia se realizó por el método actuarial y se calculó también el intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento). Se pudo realizar una revisión completa tanto clínica como radiográfica en 59 pacientes con 62 vástagos implantados. Resultados. La valoración clínica se realizó conforme a la escala de Merle D'Aubigné con 19 casos (30 por ciento) excelentes, 17 casos (28 por ciento) muy buenos, 12 casos (20 por ciento) buenos y 14 casos (22 por ciento) entre regulares y malos. Para la valoración radiográfica se utilizaron los criterios de Engh para los vástagos no cementados, apreciando 56 vástagos estables (90,4 por ciento) y un vástago inestable (1,6 por ciento). Se habían realizado 5 recambios (8 por ciento): uno por aflojamiento séptico y 4 por aflojamiento aséptico. La curva de supervivencia a los 8 años es del 91,9 por ciento y el IC 95 por ciento tiene valores de 85,2 por ciento98,7 por ciento. Conclusiones. Teniendo en cuenta que en 1996 ya existían publicaciones sobre vástagos femorales recubiertos de hidroxiapatita (HA) con seguimiento de 7 años y con una curva de supervivencia cercana al 100 por ciento y coincidiendo también con los resultados de la tesis doctoral realizada por uno de nosotros sobre el implante de cilindros de titanio recubiertos de HA y otros recubiertos de biovidrio en fémures de oveja, se desistió de continuar implantando vástagos recubiertos de biovidrio, por considerar que los resultados de supervivencia no son equiparables a los vástagos recubiertos de HA (AU)

Fístula cutánea en paciente con prótesis total de cadera / Cutaneous fistula in a patient with a total hip arthroplasty

No disponible

Efecto del ejercicio físico sobre las prótesis articulares / Effect of physical exercise on articular prostheses

El individuo adulto que tiene una artrosis grave de rodilla o cadera presenta dolor e incapacidad para la actividad física, lo que puede interferir con las actividades de la vida diaria. En ocasiones el tratamiento conservador no es suficiente para mejorar esta patología, por lo que la cirugía puede proporcionar mejoras sustanciales en estos pacientes. La sustitución protésica de rodilla y cadera son los procedimientos quirúrgicos que se practican de forma más habitual en los hospitales de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología en España. Representan una clara mejoría en la sintomatología y calidad de vida de estos pacientes. En general el éxito del resultado depende de la selección del paciente y de sus expectativas, de la técnica, del diseño de los componentes, de la rehabilitación y de la prevención de las complicaciones. Los resultados de las artroplastias de sustitución se han estudiado utilizando parámetros o escalas que analizan el dolor, la función, los hallazgos radiológicos, la calidad de vida e incluso su coste-efectividad. Muy poco se ha analizado sobre el ejercicio y la actividad física tras una artroplastia de sustitución. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de las recomendaciones de ejercicio físico tras una prótesis total de cadera o rodilla y cuáles son esos conocimientos científicos y biomecánicos que justifican dichas recomendaciones (AU)

Femoral fixation in primary total hip arthroplasty.

We have presented the major advantages of using femoral components that have porous coating over the entire stemmed portion and have a cylindrical distal shape. The advantages of a stem with these design features also are reflected in the changing pattern of hip implant usage. A decade ago, the most frequently used porous-coated implants were those designed predominantly for metaphyseal fixation. At that time, the only commercially available, extensively porous-coated stem with a cylindrical distal stem shape was the anatomic medullary locking (AML) prosthesis. Currently, the most commonly used porous-coated prosthesis is the extensively porous-coated AML. Virtually all implant manufacturers now make a stem with design features similar to the AML. While concerns about stress shielding and prosthesis removal remain, they have not proven to be a clinical problem in our experience. We have used these stems in all of our primary total hip arthroplasties for 20 years and continue to do so.

Artroplastia total do quadril com prótese näo cimentada / Total cementless hip arthroplasty

Os autores fizeram uma avaliaçÒo retrospectiva em 53 próteses näo cimentadas, com seguimento de 10 a 10,5 amos, realizadas no período de abril a setembro de 1986. A idade esteve compreendida entre 18 e 64 anos, com média de 39 anos. A avaliaçäo objetiva foi feita pelo mÚtodo de Merle D'Aubigné e Postel e a subjetiva, pelo grau de satisfaçÒo de cada paciente, de acordo com um questionário modificado e adaptado a nossas condiçöes socieconômicas. Os bons resultados nas próteses de Galante após esse período representaram apenas 39,62 por cento; os regulares, 26,41 por cento; e os maus, 33,96 por cento. Nas de Roy-Camille encontramos 71,3 por cento de bons, 15,2 por cento de regulares e 13,5 por cento de maus. Em nenhuma delas encontramos resultados excelentes ou muito bons. Foram realizadas três revisöes com substituiçäo dos dois componentes (Galante) duas com substituiçäo apenas do componente femoral (Galante) e cinco do acetabular (Roy-Camille, duas e Galante, três). Em um paciente, com prótese de Roy-Camille, foram retirados os dois componentes, por infecçäo profunda. Das substituiçöes, cinco foram por desprendimento asséptico, três por infecçäo e duas por fratura do fêmur ou do componente. Em nossas observaçöes, durante dez anos, comprovamos que as próteses sÒo cimentadas, utilizadas em nosso serviço, apresentaram resultados bisonhos, que nÒo justificaram seu emprego. Mesmo nos casos considerados bons e regulares, encontramos 59,7 por cento de sinais radiológicos de comprometimento dos componentes, conseqüência da açäo dos débris. Com os materiais atualmente disponíveis, comprovadamente nocivos à organizaçäo estrutural do organismo humano, caminhamos sem direçäo e sem futuro. Ao indicarmos uma prótese total do quadril atualmente, estamos assumindo näo somente uma responsabilidade, mas, acima de tudo, uma responsabilidade jurídica, pelos danos que poderäo ocorrer no futuro ao paciente.

Artroplastia total do quadril com prótese cimentada de Charnley: avaliaçäo clínico-radiológica com seguimento mínimo de dez anos no HTO / Total hip arthroplasty with Charnley's cemented prosthesis: evaluation clinical-radiological with follow-up of 10 years in HTO

Foi realizada reavaliaçäo clínica e radiológica de 92 pacientes somando um total de 111 casos de artroplastia total do quadril com utilizaçäo da prótese cimentada de Charnley, entre 1975 e 1985, no Serviço de Quadril do Hospital de Tráumato-Ortopedia Dr. Mßrio Jorge, com seguimento mínimo de dez anos. Um total de 60 por cento das próteses cimentadas estäo estáveis, sem sinais clínicos ou radiológicos de soltura. Foram encontradas evidências de afrouxamento nos outros 40 por cento, das quais 64 por cento foram do componente acetabular, 23 por cento do femural e 23 por cento em ambos os componentes. Esse percentual está de acordo com a estatística presente nos artigos de toda a literatura mundial, permanecendo a prótese cimentada de Charnley como uma grande alternativa para as artroplastias totais do quadril.

Comparaçäo das abordagens ântero-lateral e posterior em artroplastia total primária de quadril / Comparison between the anterolateral and posterior approaches in total primary hip arthroplasty

Neste estudo retrospectivo foram selecionados 184 pacientes submetidos Ó artroplastia total primßria de quadril, 95 pela abordagem Ôntero-lateral e 89 pela posterior, de junho de 1993 e junho de 1997. Os eventos avaliados foram parÔmetros perioperatórios (tempo cirúrgico, de internaçÒo hospitalar e intervalo entre cirurgia e alta, sangramento e necessidade de transfusÒo sanguÝnea) e complicações (trombose venosa profuda, embolia pulmonar, lesÒo de nervo perifÚrico, instabilidade da prótese e outros). Os dois grupos nÒo diferiram quanto aos indicadores prÚ-operatórios. Os pacientes de abordagem posterior tiveram tempo cirúrgico reduzido )p<0,001), alÚm de apresentarem menores sangramentos no transoperatório (p<0,05) e necessidade de transfusÒo transoperatória (p<0,001). Os grupos nÒo diferiram quanto aos demais parÔmetros e complicações, que tiveram baixa freqüÛncia. A abordagem posterior tem sido empregada com sucesso pelo Grupo de Cirurgia do Quadril do Hospital de ClÝnicas de Porto Alegre, sendo uma excelente opçÒo de acesso cirúrgico para artroplastia total do quadril.

Uncemented total arthroplasty in old quiescent infection of the hip.

We reviewed the outcomes of 24 cases (24 patients) of uncemented total hip arthroplasty done to treat secondary osteoarthritis due to quiescent previous infection. There were 16 men and eight women aged from 24 to 78 years (mean, 50 yr). Eight patients had proven or probable tuberculous infection and the other 16 patients had a past history of septic hip. The patients were followed for between 2.5 and 7 years (mean, 4.5 yr). According to the Harris hip rating system, 18 of the patients had excellent or good results. Three patients had a preoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 40 mm/h or higher and had a positive bacterial culture. Two of these patients developed reinfection. The other 21 patients had a preoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate less than 40 mm/h and no reinfection postoperatively. There were five complications other than infection: dislocation with ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture, intraoperative femoral fracture, cup loosening, periprosthetic osteolysis, and nonunion of the greater trochanter. Uncemented total arthroplasty for old quiescent infection of the hip should be considered if the preoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate is normal and a course of prophylactic antituberculous therapy is given in patients with an old tuberculous hip.

Bone-graft augmentation for acetabular deficiencies in total hip arthroplasty. Results of long-term follow-up evaluation.

The results of 102 consecutive primary and revision total hip arthroplasties performed with bone-grafting for acetabular bone deficiencies were reviewed at an average of 10.2 years (range, 4-18.6) after surgery. Ninety-one percent had structural bone defects and 57% had underlying developmental dysplasia of the hip. Overall acetabular revision rates for aseptic loosening were 8% at 5 years and 26% at 10 years. In addition, in the patients with developmental dysplasia who had primary hip arthroplasties, acetabular revision rates for aseptic loosening were 3 and 18% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Ninety-six percent of all uninfected grafts incorporated. Bulk grafts fared better than particulate grafts. No difference in failure rate was noted between primary and revision hip arthroplasty, type of deficiency, or amount of graft coverage. Although early results are encouraging, acetabular failure increased significantly with longer follow-up evaluation; however, graft incorporation was successful and facilitated subsequent revision surgery.

Vastus-Psoas release for acetabular exposure in revision hip surgery.

A technique is presented for wide exposure of the acetabulum for revision total hip arthroplasty surgery in the presence of a solidly fixed, modular, or monoblock femoral component without the need for trochanteric osteotomy. The technique involves release of the proximal portion of the vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis muscles and the iliopsoas tendon form the femur and placement of the femoral head/neck posterior to the acetabulum. The exposure afforded by this release usually precludes the need for trochanteric osteotomy and/or removal of a well-fixed femoral component in revision surgery that is being done for isolated loosening of acetabular components, thereby decreasing operative time, morbidity, and the risks of complication of trochanteric osteotomy.

Charnley low friction arthroplasty in young patients with osteoarthritis. A 12- to 24-year clinical and radiographic followup study of 84 cases.

The long term outcome of 84 Charnley low friction arthroplasties performed between January 1973 and December 1984 on 69 patients (84 hips) with osteoarthritis was assessed. The patients were 55 years old or younger (mean, 46 years) at the time of surgery. The probability of survival was 89.8% (range, 85.9%-93.7%) after 10 years with 69 hips at risk and 73.3% (range, 65.5%-81.1%) after 18 years with 33.5 hips at risk. Of the 84 hips in the study, 24 (28.6%) failed. Of the hips that survived, clinical results were good and excellent with Charnley scores of four or more for pain and function in all hips. Of the hips that survived, 93.3% achieved good or excellent results for movement.

Rationale of a flexible press fit cup in total hip replacement. 5-year followup in 280 procedures.

A consecutive series of 280 total hip replacements in 261 patients using the Press Fit Cup with a minimum followup of 5 years is presented. The Press Fit Cup is a nonmodular acetabular component with a porous coating made of titanium fibers. It has one peg and is 1.5 mm oversized with biradial eccentricity. It has a flattened pole area, requires no screw fixation, and partially preserves elasticity. The mean age was 71 years for women, 70 years for men. Forty-seven patients (49 hips) died before the 5-year review, and five patients were unable to return for the followup because of physical infirmity. Two hundred eighteen patients (226 hips) were available for the clinical 5-year followup, and 208 patients (213 hips) were available for the radiographic followup. No intraoperative fracture of the acetabulum occurred; four hips dislocated; 94% clinically were rated as excellent or good. One hip in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis had to be revised for aseptic loosening of the cup and nine femoral stems had to be revised. No migration of the cup could be measured. There was no osteolysis seen around the cup. In six cases a radiolucent line was seen in Zone 1, and in eight hips in Zone 3. There was one hip with a continuous radiolucent line which was considered radiographically loose.

Total hip arthroplasty in neglected congenital dislocation of the hip.

Between 1984 and 1995, 74 total hip replacements were performed in 64 adult patients who had painful untreated congenital dislocation of the hip. The arthroplasty was performed in the position of the true acetabulum in all patients who had either high or low congenital dislocations of the hip. The femoral head was positioned in the true acetabulum after either osteotomy of the greater trochanter or shortening of the femur, or progressively using external fixation. Information was available on all patients with a followup of 1 to 11 years (mean, 7.2 years). Of the 74 replaced hips, 70 showed marked improvement concerning pain, gait, and mobility, according to the Merle D'Aubigne and Postel scale. Four hips were revised with satisfactory results. The reason for revision was infection in one case and loosening of the plastic cup in three cases. Shortening of the femur by removing a segment of bone below the level of the lesser trochanter followed by osteosynthesis without osteotomy of the greater trochanter was found to be the best method for treating bilateral and several unilateral high congenital dislocation of the hip.

Total hip arthroplasty for avascular necrosis and degenerative osteoarthritis of the hip.

Although several studies of various treatment modalities have been reported during the past decade, osteonecrosis of the femoral head remains a difficult therapeutic problem. Total hip replacement which is reserved for patients showing collapse of the femoral head, usually shows poorer results in patients with osteonecrosis compared with those with osteoarthritis. Uncemented total hip arthroplasty was performed on 29 patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head and 29 patients with degenerative osteoarthritis. After a mean followup of 7.6 years and 7.1 years for the two groups of patients, only one failure was observed in one patient with osteonecrosis. Clinical evaluation after cementless total hip arthroplasty in both groups of patients revealed improvement in all parameters. Postoperatively, pain improved from 1.4 to 5.1, walking ability from 3.4 to 5.3, and range of motion from 4.5 to 5.5 in patients with osteonecrosis, and pain improved from 1.2 to 5.3, walking ability from 3.2 to 5.4, and range of motion from 3.1 to 4.7 in patients with osteoarthritis. Thigh pain was observed postoperatively in only two and three patients treated for osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis, respectively. The present results using cementless arthroplasty seem to be somewhat better than those reported for cemented arthroplasty in patients suffering from osteonecrosis. The clinical and radiographic findings after noncemented arthroplasty in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head and in patients with degenerative arthritis of the hip were similar in the two groups.

Stability of proximal femoral grafts in canine hip arthroplasty.

In a canine model, the fixation stability of a prosthesis and proximal bone graft composite were measured relative to the distal femur. One group had the prosthesis graft composite cemented into the distal femur. The second group had the prosthesis graft composite press fit into the distal femur for biologic ingrowth. Displacements of the proximal femoral grafts relative to the host bone in each group were measured after ex vivo (acute with graft) implantation and 4 months after implantation. A third group with no osteotomy (acute intact) simulated perfect graft to host bone union. Relative displacements representing 6 degrees freedom (translation and rotation) were calculated from the displacement values measured by 9 eddy current transducers. Measurements of displacement were used to test the hypothesis that distal press fit fixation equals distal cement fixation at 4 months after implantation. In all cases the measured translations and rotations of the graft to implant construct were small and of a magnitude that should encourage bone ingrowth (< 0.05 mm and < 0.1 degree, respectively). The stability of the press fit group at 4 months was not significantly different from the cemented group in axial and transverse displacement during axial and transverse loading, respectively. There was no difference in stabilities at 4 months between distal press fit and cemented fixation in hip replacements requiring a proximal femoral graft.